雏鸡中枢免疫器官内B淋巴细胞变化规律

为了研究雏鸡在正常发育过程中免疫器官内B淋巴细胞的变化规律,以不同日龄的SPF鸡为研究对象,用流式细胞术检测鸡脾脏、胸腺及法氏囊内IgA+、IgG+及IgM+B淋巴细胞含量的变化情况。结果显示,在脾脏中,4日龄时B淋巴细胞含量比较多,7日龄时B淋巴细胞含量下降,随后,7至21日龄细胞含量逐渐升高;胸腺内则是在4日龄时IgM+B淋巴细胞含量相对较高,而IgA+、IgG+B淋巴细胞几乎没有;在法氏囊中,IgA+、IgG+及IgM+B淋巴细胞含量在4至14日龄时逐渐升高,并且IgA+和IgG+细胞含量在21日龄时基本趋于稳定,但是IgM+B细胞含量则在21日龄时有所下降。试验结果表明,雏鸡出壳后各免疫器官B淋巴细胞始终以IgM+细胞含量最多。     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

线粒体DNA在先天性免疫中的作用

线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器,具有多种功能,是细胞的能量工厂。线粒体含有自己的遗传物质线粒体DNA,线粒体DNA因其在氧化磷酸化中的作用而广为人知。近年来,越来越多的研究表明线粒体DNA可作为先天性免疫系统的激动剂,并在病原体感染和炎性疾病的病理发展中起重要作用。线粒体DNA在进入细胞质或细胞外环境后,可以激活多种先天性免疫系统的模式识别受体,从而触发促炎细胞因子分泌和Ⅰ型干扰素反应。因此,本文就线粒体DNA激活先天性免疫的机制以及其在病原体感染和相关疾病发生发展中的作用进行讨论、总结,以期为进一步深入开展线粒体DNA在病原体感染及相关疾病中的作用及其机制研究提供理论依据。     

灵芝发酵产物对感染PCV-2病毒断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本研究以深层发酵灵芝为原料,评估灵芝发酵产物对感染猪圆环病毒-2(PCV-2)断奶仔猪生长发育及免疫功能的影响。试验1:选择160头21 d断奶的仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组分别在基础日粮中添加0、50、100和150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物。试验2:将120头21 d断奶的仔猪随机分为2组(4个重复,每个重复15头),分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮+50 mg/kg的灵芝发酵产物。两组仔猪在试验当天通过肌肉注射105/mL感染剂量的PCV-2病毒。结果:日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物2周和4周后显著改善了平均日增重(P<0.05),在第4周时150 mg/kg较50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物组显著降低了平均日增重(P<0.05)。150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物组平均日采食量较其他组显著降低了8.11%、6.85%和8.11%(P<0.05),日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物显著改善了断奶仔猪的料重比(P<0.05)。日粮添加50~150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物可显著提高肺泡巨噬细胞的趋化性指数(P<0.05),同时对照组显著提高了28 d伪狂犬病抗体滴度(P<0.05),显著降低了血清葡萄糖水平(P<0.05)。灵芝发酵产物日粮组较对照组显著提高了IL-2、INF-γ和TNF-α相对强度(P<0.05)。结论:日粮添加50 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物可以显著改善断奶仔猪生长性能,在接种伪狂犬病疫苗时可提高肺泡巨噬细胞的趋化能力和抗体滴度。     

基于转录组测序分析研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫功能的作用机理

本试验旨在研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫调控的关键基因,阐明其对肠黏膜免疫功能的可能作用机理。选用80~90日龄的健康育肥母猪180头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的枸芪多糖,试验期90 d。采集育肥猪的空肠肠段,提取RNA后进行转录组测序分析差异免疫基因的表达。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加枸芪多糖差异表达的免疫基因有75个,其中有26个上调基因和49个下调基因。2)基因本体(GO)富集分析显示差异表达基因主要参与免疫调节、免疫应答和应激反应,信号通路分析显示差异表达基因主要富集在以白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路为主的免疫信号通路。3)通过对肠黏膜差异表达的关键基因原癌基因Jun(JUN)和原癌基因Fos(FOS)的探究可见,与对照组相比,试验组白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、补体5(C5)、JUN和FOS的基因表达受到抑制,Jun和Fos的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加枸芪多糖可提高肥育猪的肠黏膜免疫功能。枸芪多糖通过调节JUN、FOS、IL-18等免疫相关基因的表达,影响IL-17和NOD样受体信号通路,以此来抑制炎症反应。     

甘氨酸锌在动物生产中的应用研究

锌是动物体内的必需微量元素之一,在动物生长发育和健康方面起着关键作用。甘氨酸锌作为有机微量元素具有生物利用率高、减排环保等优势。综述了甘氨酸锌对动物的生长性能、繁殖性能、免疫能力及肠道健康的影响,探讨了动物对甘氨酸锌的需要量,旨在为动物生产中科学利用甘氨酸锌改善动物健康,促进动物生长提供理论依据。     

非洲猪瘟形势下猪流行性腹泻的防控措施

自2018年第一例非洲猪瘟疫情报道至今已经两年多了。为了快速扩繁猪群,许多清空场及新建场不得不大量外购来源复杂后备猪进群。因此,猪场在对猪流行性腹泻的防控上面临着更大的挑战。文章介绍了病毒性腹泻暴发的原因、防控难点和综合防控措施,期望为养殖业同人在实际生产中,科学防控猪流行性腹泻提供一定的参考借鉴。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.